Demystifying the Power of Explainable Algorithms: Understanding AI’s Inner Workings »
Date: August 2 2023
Explainable Algorithmic
Explainable algorithmic approaches aim to make the decisions made by artificial intelligence systems understandable and transparent to human users.
This makes it easier to understand how AI models make decisions, and to ensure that they are not biased or discriminatory.
Attention models and transformers are neural network architectures that have revolutionized natural language processing and other machine learning tasks.
They are based on the attention mechanism, which enables the model to focus on the important parts of the data according to context.
GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks) & VAE (Variational Autoencoders)
Generative algorithms such as GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks) and VAE (Variational Autoencoders) are used to generate realistic new data from an existing dataset. They are widely used in the creation of images, videos, texts and other types of data.
Multimodal and multitasking algorithms enable AI models to process several types of input or perform several tasks at the same time.
This improves the efficiency and accuracy of models in complex scenarios where data is heterogeneous or tasks are interdependent.
Graph algorithms and GNNs (Graph Neural Networks) are specially designed to process graphically structured data, such as social networks, recommendation networks and chemical molecules. They model interactions and dependencies between graph entities.
Causality and TCN (Temporal Causal Networks) algorithms focus on finding causal relationships between events and phenomena, rather than simply finding correlations. This enables us to better understand the mechanisms underlying the data, and to make more reliable predictions.
Finally, Small Data and Transfer Learning techniques are used to train AI models on small datasets, or to transfer knowledge from a model previously trained on a specific task to a new, similar task, thereby improving performance and saving learning resources.
Improving artificial intelligence:
Improving artificial intelligence: ANI, AGI and ASI. There are three types of AI: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI).
Currently, the majority of artificial intelligence systems in use are ANIs, and research and development in the field of AGI and ASI continues to progress. Scientists and artificial intelligence experts are working to improve these different forms of AI, while taking into account the ethical and social implications that accompany this technological evolution.
The three main levels of artificial intelligence:
Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NIA): Also known as « weak AI » or « specialized AI », ANI is designed to perform specific tasks autonomously, but is limited to a particular domain. For example, voice assistants like Siri or Alexa are examples of ANI that can answer questions and perform specific tasks, but they cannot generalize their knowledge to other domains.
General Artificial Intelligence (AGI): AGI, also known as « strong AI » or « general AI », is designed to possess intelligence similar to that of a human being. This means it would be able to understand, learn and adapt to a wide range of tasks autonomously, just as a human being would. AGI has not yet been fully realized, and this area of research represents a major challenge for the artificial intelligence community.
Artificial Superintelligence (ASI): ASI is a hypothetical level of AI that would far surpass human intelligence in all areas. It would be capable of solving complex problems, making strategic decisions, and even autonomously improving its own intellectual capacities. ASI remains a theoretical and speculative concept, but it is generating debate about the ethical and security issues associated with its potential development.
- Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): ANI, also known as Weak AI, refers to artificial intelligence systems that are designed and programmed to perform specific tasks or solve particular problems within a limited domain. These AI systems excel in the specific task they are trained for, but they lack the ability to generalize their knowledge or perform tasks beyond their designated domain. Examples of ANI include voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation systems, and chatbots.
- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): AGI, also known as Strong AI or General AI, refers to artificial intelligence systems with the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks, similar to human intelligence. AGI would possess cognitive abilities that allow it to reason, learn from experiences, understand natural language, and adapt to new situations. Unlike ANI, AGI would not be limited to specific tasks and could perform any intellectual task that a human can do. Achieving AGI remains one of the ultimate goals of AI research and development, and it raises significant ethical and safety concerns.
- Artificial Superintelligence (ASI): ASI goes beyond AGI and represents an artificial intelligence system that surpasses human intelligence in virtually every aspect. ASI would possess cognitive abilities that are not only superior but also incomprehensible to humans. This hypothetical form of AI could potentially outperform humans in creativity, problem-solving, decision-making, and scientific advancements. As of now, ASI remains a theoretical concept, and its development raises complex questions about its implications for humanity and society.
The progression from ANI to AGI to ASI represents an increasing level of intelligence and cognitive capabilities in artificial intelligence systems.
While ANI is prevalent today and is transforming various industries, AGI and ASI are still in the realm of research and exploration.
Achieving AGI and ASI presents both exciting possibilities and profound challenges, including ethical concerns, the need for robust safety measures, and ensuring that AI remains beneficial to humanity.
The pursuit of AGI and ASI requires careful consideration and responsible development to maximize their potential benefits while minimizing potential risks.
According to research published in the Journal of Artificial Intelligence, containing a super-intelligent AI presents an immensely challenging task due to the fundamental limits of computing.
The complexity of a superintelligence lies in its ever-changing and rapidly evolving programs, requiring inputs that encompass the entire state of the world.
Attempting to strictly contain such AI demands simulations of these programs, which proves theoretically and practically impossible.
In fact, the creation of these complex simulations might be even more difficult than developing the Artificial Super Intelligence itself.
This inherent limitation raises significant concerns about the feasibility of complete containment and underscores the need for thoughtful AI governance and ethical considerations in its development.
Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NAAI)
AI is generally classified as a form of Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NAAI) or « Weak Intelligence ». This means that AI is designed to specialize in specific tasks, such as speech recognition, machine translation, image recognition, product recommendation and so on. It does not have the capacity to think autonomously or to understand the global context in a way similar to human intelligence.
The nine intelligences proposed by Gardner’s theory are specifically linked to human cognitive abilities and the way in which individuals interact with their environment and each other. AI, on the other hand, is a technology created by humans to automate specific tasks using algorithms and data-driven models.
It’s important to note that classifying AI as Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NAAI) doesn’t mean it’s any less powerful or useful.
On the contrary, AI systems can perform complex tasks quickly and efficiently, but their operation differs fundamentally from that of human intelligence and the other forms of intelligence described in Gardner’s theory.
The most relevant Algorithms in Business
The most relevant algorithms in business can vary according to the industry and the specific needs of each company. However, here are nine types of algorithms commonly used in business:
Recommendation algorithms: These algorithms are used to offer personalized recommendations to customers, such as products to buy, videos to watch, articles to read and so on. They are commonly used in e-commerce, streaming services, social media platforms, etc.
Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms: These algorithms enable machines to understand and process human language. They are used in chatbots, machine translation systems, sentiment analysis, text search, etc.
Supervised machine learning algorithms: These algorithms are used to solve classification and regression problems, using labeled data for training. They are used in various fields, such as image recognition, fraud detection, credit analysis, etc.
Unsupervised machine learning algorithms: These algorithms are used to group similar data without prior labels. They are used in customer segmentation, data analysis, anomaly detection, etc.
Reinforcement learning algorithms: These algorithms enable an agent to learn to make decisions in an environment by interacting with it. They are used in games, recommendation systems, robotics, etc.
Image processing algorithms: These algorithms are used to analyze and process images. They are used in facial recognition, computer vision, medical image analysis, etc.
Optimization algorithms: These algorithms are used to solve optimization problems, such as supply chain optimization, production scheduling, route planning, etc.
Anomaly detection algorithms: These algorithms are used to identify anomalies or unusual patterns in data. They are used in fraud detection, predictive maintenance, safety monitoring, etc.
Signal processing algorithms: These algorithms are used to analyze and process signals such as audio, video and sensor signals. They are used in digital audio and video, biomedical signal processing, etc.
These nine types of algorithms are widely used in businesses to improve operational efficiency, optimize processes, provide personalized customer experiences and make data-driven decisions.
Algorithms can be classified into different types
Algorithms can be classified into different types according to their functionality and use. Here are some of the main types of algorithm:
Sorting algorithms: These are used to organize data in a specific order, such as selection sort, bubble sort, quick sort, etc.
Search algorithms: used to find a specific element in a data set, such as linear search, binary search, etc.
Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms: used to understand and process human language, such as sentiment analysis, speech recognition, etc.
Supervised machine learning algorithms: These are used to solve classification and regression problems, using labeled data for training.
Unsupervised machine learning algorithms: These are used to group similar data without prior labeling.
Reinforcement learning algorithms: These enable an agent to learn to make decisions by interacting with its environment.
Genetic algorithms: These are used to solve optimization problems based on the process of natural evolution.
Graph algorithms: used to solve graph-related problems, such as graph traversal, search trees, etc.
Data compression algorithms: used to reduce data size while retaining essential information.
Encryption algorithms: These are used to protect data by making it unreadable without an appropriate decryption key.
Image processing algorithms: These are used to analyze and process images, such as facial recognition, object detection, etc.
Data mining algorithms: These are used to discover patterns and trends hidden in large quantities of data.
Neural network algorithms: These are used to solve complex problems inspired by the workings of the human brain.
These are just a few examples of the different types of algorithms that exist. There is a wide variety of algorithms used in different fields and applications to solve a multitude of problems.
ChatGPT can be considered a game changer for artificial intelligence
ChatGPT can be considered a game changer for artificial intelligence. It is a powerful language model developed by OpenAI, based on the GPT-3.5 architecture, which has demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation.
ChatGPT has the ability to generate human-like text and carry out conversations with users, making it a valuable tool for various applications such as virtual assistants, customer support, content generation, and language translation. Its vast knowledge base and language proficiency have opened up new possibilities for human-computer interactions.
Additionally, ChatGPT‘s ability to understand context, respond contextually, and generate coherent and relevant answers has set a new standard in the field of natural language processing. Its potential to streamline and enhance various processes and applications has garnered significant attention and interest from businesses and developers.
However, it’s important to note that while ChatGPT is indeed a significant advancement in AI, it is not without limitations. Like any AI model, it can still make mistakes and may lack complete comprehension of complex or nuanced topics. Efforts are continuously being made to improve and refine AI models like ChatGPT to address these challenges and unlock even greater potential in the future.
Read More :
ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence for natural language processing
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